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Simone Biles and the Twisties: What Happened

Biles withdrew from Olympic finals in 2021 describing losing track of her body mid-air. What the twisties are, and why stopping was the safe decision.

3 min read

Simone Biles standing on a competition floor in a black and silver sparkling leotard, hair tied up, looking to one side, with a bench and grey matting behind her.
Photo by Ocoudis on Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Cropped and recompressed.

Key takeaways

  • Simone Biles withdrew from several Tokyo 2021 finals after losing the ability to track her position in the air, describing not knowing where she was mid-twist and praying to land on her feet.
  • The twisties is a gymnastics term for a temporary loss of the automatic body awareness that skilled movement depends on, and in a sport performed upside down at speed it is a physical danger rather than a confidence problem.
  • Her stated reason was safety rather than nerves. She said publicly that she did not think people realised how dangerous it was, and that physical health is mental health.
  • The general mechanism is well described outside gymnastics: sustained pressure pushes attention onto a movement that normally runs automatically, and conscious monitoring of an automatic skill degrades it.
  • The reason the episode mattered beyond sport is that stopping was treated as a failure of nerve by many observers and as a safety decision by the person who had the information, which is a pattern that recurs well outside elite sport.

Simone Biles withdrew from several finals at the Tokyo Olympics in 2021 after losing the ability to track where her body was in the air. She described not knowing where she was mid-twist and hoping to land on her feet, and said publicly that she did not think people realised how dangerous that was on a competition surface. [cbs-2021-biles]

What the twisties actually is

It is a gymnastics term for a temporary loss of the automatic spatial awareness that skilled aerial movement runs on. The skill has not been forgotten, the strength and technique are intact, and the gymnast can often perform simpler versions of the same movement. What stops working is the unconscious tracking that tells them where they are without having to think about it.

In most activities that would be a performance problem. In a sport where a mistimed twist means landing on your head from height, it is a physical danger. This is the distinction that most of the commentary at the time missed, and it is the reason her own framing was about safety rather than about nerves.

Why stopping was the informed decision

The public argument treated withdrawal as a failure of nerve at the decisive moment. The person with the actual information described something different: a specific, identifiable loss of a capacity that her safety depended on, occurring in a discipline with no margin for it.

She also said the episode led to therapy that she remained in afterwards, and that gymnasts are not generally viewed as people who have weaknesses. [cbs-2021-biles] That last observation is the more transferable one, because the assumption it names is not confined to gymnastics.

The mechanism, outside sport

The general pattern is well described: a well-learned skill runs automatically until sustained pressure directs conscious attention onto it, and conscious monitoring of an automatic process degrades that process. Musicians lose passages they have played for years. Drivers suddenly have to think about a manoeuvre they have not thought about in a decade. Speakers lose a rehearsed opening.

Prolonged pressure is the background condition rather than an incidental detail. The physiological load of sustained stress has broad effects on regulation and cognition, which is one reason these failures cluster at the end of long, high-demand periods rather than arriving at random. [mcewen-1998-allostatic]

Is something automatic becoming effortful?

For anything you normally do without thinking: driving, playing, presenting, a physical skill.

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What actually helps

Pushing through is the instinct and it is the wrong move, particularly where the failure carries physical risk. Repeating a skill that is currently unsafe accumulates failed attempts, which strengthens exactly the conscious monitoring that broke it.

What is generally recommended instead is dropping back to a version of the skill simple enough to execute without attention, and rebuilding upward from there. Reducing the surrounding load matters as much as the technical work, since sustained pressure is part of what produced the problem and leaving it in place tends to reproduce it.

And where the stakes are physical, stopping is not the last resort. It is the first step, and the fact that it reads as a failure of nerve from outside is a fact about the audience rather than about the decision.

When to seek help

Speak to a doctor if a skill you rely on for work has become unreliable and it is not recovering, if you are avoiding situations because of it, or if it arrived alongside weeks of poor sleep, low mood or anxiety. Bring the specifics of when it started and what makes it worse, because the pattern around it is what distinguishes this from ordinary variation in performance.

How MyFreud can help

Tracking sleep and pressure alongside the days the skill worked and the days it did not is usually the fastest way to see that it is not random, and load is the part you can change. Our stress guide covers what sustained pressure does, including physical symptoms of stress.

Download MyFreud and start today: App Store or Google Play.

Frequently asked questions

What are the twisties?

It is a gymnastics term for temporarily losing the automatic spatial awareness that lets a gymnast know where their body is during a twisting flight. The skill has not been forgotten and the body remains capable; what fails is the unconscious tracking that normally runs without attention. Biles described not knowing where she was while twisting and hoping to land on her feet. In a sport where landings happen head-first if the timing is wrong, that is a physical safety problem rather than a psychological one.

Why did Simone Biles withdraw from the Olympic final?

Her own public explanation was safety. She said she did not think people realised how dangerous the situation was on a competition surface, and that she did not want to cost her team a medal through what she called her own mistakes. She has also said the episode led to therapy that she remained in afterwards. Those are her stated reasons, and they are a more specific account than the general mental health framing that circulated at the time.

Is the twisties the same as choking under pressure?

They are related but not the same. Choking generally describes performance dropping below a person’s normal standard under pressure. The twisties is a more specific and more dangerous failure: the perceptual tracking that makes a skill survivable stops working, so the issue is not a worse performance but an unsafe one. The shared mechanism is that pressure directs conscious attention onto processes that normally run automatically, and attending to an automatic skill tends to disrupt it.

Does this happen outside gymnastics?

The underlying mechanism does, though rarely with the same physical stakes. Musicians describe losing a passage they have played thousands of times, drivers describe suddenly having to think about a manoeuvre that is normally automatic, and speakers describe losing a rehearsed opening. What these share is a well-learned skill becoming the object of conscious attention under pressure, which interferes with the automatic execution that made it reliable.

What helps when an automatic skill stops working?

Not pushing through, which is the instinct and is the wrong move where the failure carries physical risk. What is generally recommended is stepping back to a simpler version of the skill and rebuilding, rather than continuing to attempt the full version and accumulating failed repetitions. Reducing the surrounding load matters too, since sustained pressure is part of what produced the problem. Where the stakes are physical, stopping is the first step rather than a last resort.

References

  1. 1.CBS News ( 2021). Simone Biles opens up about withdrawal from Olympic competitions and the twisties. CBS News.
  2. 2.McEwen BS ( 1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. New England Journal of Medicine. doi:10.1056/NEJM199801153380307