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Antidepressants and Sex Drive: Not All Alike

Sexual side effects are common on antidepressants, but the rate differs a lot between drugs. That difference is the part worth taking to an appointment.

4 min read

Flat pop-art illustration in teal, orange and yellow. Two people sit on the edge of a bed in a bedroom, one resting a hand on the shoulder of the other and leaning towards them, both looking away from the camera.

Key takeaways

  • Sexual side effects are common on antidepressants, and the rate is not the same across drugs: a meta-analysis found agomelatine, bupropion and mirtazapine produced rates close to placebo, while the SSRIs sat considerably higher.
  • That between-drug difference is the practical finding, because it means the side effect is often a property of the particular drug rather than of treatment in general.
  • The commonest response to it is silent: people stop a medication that was working rather than raise the subject, which trades one problem for a worse one.
  • A separate review looked at symptoms persisting after the drug is stopped and concluded the reports are real but the evidence is not yet good enough to put a number on how often it happens.
  • None of this is a reason to stop a medication on your own. Stopping abruptly has its own problems, and the useful move is a conversation about dose, timing or a switch.

Sexual side effects are common on antidepressants, and the rate differs substantially between drugs. A meta-analysis comparing them found agomelatine, bupropion and mirtazapine produced rates close to placebo, while the SSRIs sat considerably higher. [serretti-2009-sexual] That difference is the part worth taking to an appointment, because it turns an apparently unavoidable cost of treatment into a question about which drug.

Why the between-drug difference is the useful finding

Because it changes what the problem is. If every antidepressant carried the same effect, the only question would be whether treatment is worth the cost, which is a bleak choice to be handed. Since the rates differ by drug, the question becomes which one, and that is a question with an answer.

The mechanism follows the same logic. Drugs that raise serotonin availability broadly are the ones most associated with delayed orgasm and reduced desire, while drugs working through other systems produce much less of it. [serretti-2009-sexual] That is why a switch is a genuine option rather than a hope, and why “antidepressants do this” is too coarse a statement to be worth acting on.

Roughly how the drug groups compare, and what each part of the response is affected Illustrative
0 25 50 75 100 How strongly this group is associated with the effect 82 SSRIs 66 SNRIs 18 Bupropion, mirtazapine, agomelatine
0 25 50 75 100 How strongly this group is associated with the effect 86 SSRIs 60 SNRIs 16 Bupropion, mirtazapine, agomelatine
0 25 50 75 100 How strongly this group is associated with the effect 70 SSRIs 58 SNRIs 20 Bupropion, mirtazapine, agomelatine

A schematic of the pattern described by Serretti and Chiesa. Drawn to show the shape of the difference between drug groups rather than reproducing reported percentages.

What actually gets affected

Desire and orgasm more than arousal, and delayed or absent orgasm is the effect most consistently described with SSRIs. A pooled analysis of randomised trials put orgasmic difficulty at roughly three times the rate seen on placebo.

Which part is affected is worth naming precisely at an appointment rather than reporting as a general loss of interest, because the adjustments differ. Difficulty reaching orgasm, loss of desire with function otherwise intact, and reduced physical arousal are three different reports, and a doctor hearing “my sex drive has gone” cannot tell which one is in front of them.

The response that causes the most harm

Stopping without saying anything. It is by a distance the commonest thing that happens, and it converts a manageable side effect into a relapse.

The reasoning behind it is understandable: the side effect is embarrassing to raise, appointments are short, and the medication feels like the obvious thing to remove. What that reasoning misses is that the alternative is not “put up with it”. Dose changes, timing changes, adding something, and switching to a drug with lower rates are all ordinary clinical moves, and none of them is available to somebody who has already stopped and not said why.

Is this worth raising at your next appointment?

For anyone on an antidepressant who has noticed a change and has not mentioned it.

0 of 6 ticked

Symptoms that persist after stopping

Reported, reviewed, and not yet quantifiable. A 2023 systematic review of persistent sexual dysfunction after SSRI treatment found the available studies too few and too varied in method to produce a reliable estimate of how often it occurs. [tarchi-2023-pssd]

That conclusion is worth reading precisely, because it is routinely rounded in both directions. It does not say the phenomenon is not real, and it does not supply a risk figure. Anybody quoting a percentage for this is quoting something the evidence does not currently support, and the honest position is that it is a recognised concern with an unknown frequency. It is a reasonable thing to ask a doctor about before starting; it is not a reason to stop something that is working.

What to say at the appointment

Name the part, the timing and the direction. “Reaching orgasm takes much longer since the dose went up” gives a prescriber something to work with; “my sex drive is bad” does not, and it is also true of untreated depression, which is precisely the ambiguity that needs resolving.

Then ask the two questions that open the options: whether a dose or timing change is worth trying, and whether one of the drugs with lower rates would suit your situation. Both are ordinary requests. Neither implies you want to stop treatment, which is often the fear that keeps the subject closed.

When to seek help

Speak to a doctor if a sexual side effect is affecting your relationship, your mood or your willingness to keep taking a medication that is otherwise helping, and raise it before you change anything yourself. Do not stop an antidepressant abruptly. If your mood is worsening, treat that as the more urgent item in the same conversation, and if you are having thoughts of harming yourself, contact your local emergency services or a crisis helpline.

How MyFreud can help

Tracking helps here for a reason specific to this problem: the question a prescriber cannot answer from one conversation is whether the change followed the medication or the depression, and a record that shows what shifted and when settles it. Our sexual dysfunction guide covers the wider picture, and the depression self-assessment measures the mood side.

Download MyFreud and start today: App Store or Google Play.

Frequently asked questions

Do all antidepressants affect sex drive?

No, and this is the single most useful thing to know. A meta-analysis comparing antidepressants found agomelatine, bupropion and mirtazapine produced rates of sexual dysfunction close to placebo, while SSRIs were associated with substantially higher rates. So the side effect is often specific to the drug rather than unavoidable, which is what makes a switch a real option rather than a hope.

Which part of sex does it affect?

Usually desire and orgasm rather than arousal alone, and delayed or absent orgasm is the effect most consistently reported with SSRIs. A recent pooled analysis of randomised trials found orgasmic difficulty roughly three times more likely on an SSRI than on placebo. Which part is affected matters at an appointment, because it points at different adjustments.

Will it go away if I keep taking it?

Sometimes, and not reliably enough to be a plan. Some people find it eases over the first months and others find it does not change at all, so waiting is a reasonable thing to try for a while and a poor thing to do indefinitely. Put a rough time limit on waiting rather than leaving it open, since the alternative is quietly deciding to stop.

Can the effect last after stopping the medication?

Symptoms persisting after the drug is stopped have been reported and reviewed, and the honest summary is that the reports are real while the evidence is not yet strong enough to say how often it happens. A 2023 systematic review found the available studies too few and too varied to produce a reliable estimate. That is different from saying it does not happen and different from a known risk figure.

Should I just stop taking it?

Not on your own. Stopping an antidepressant abruptly causes its own difficulties and losing a treatment that is working is a larger problem than the one being solved. The options a doctor can offer include a dose change, adjusting timing, adding something, or switching to one of the drugs with lower rates, and all of them require the subject to be raised.

References

  1. 1.Serretti A, Chiesa A ( 2009). Treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction related to antidepressants: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology.
  2. 2.Tarchi L, Merola GP, Baccaredda-Boy O, Arganini F, Cassioli E, Rossi E, Maggi M, Baldwin DS, Ricca V, Castellini G ( 2023). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, post-treatment sexual dysfunction and persistent genital arousal disorder: a systematic review. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. doi:10.1002/pds.5653